Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecologically based strategy for managing pests that emphasizes minimizing the use of chemicals. By integrating various control methods, IPM aims to reduce the environmental impact and risks associated with pesticides and herbicides. Biological controls, a key component of IPM, involve the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens to combat pest populations. For instance, to manage the invasive air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in Florida, scientists have introduced natural enemies from the plant’s native range, such as the air potato leaf beetle (Lilioceris cheni). This beetle specifically targets the leaves of the air potato, reducing its vigor and spread without harming native species. Before introducing any biological control, extensive lab and field testing ensures that it does not negatively impact native plants, animals, or ecological services. Using biological controls as a strategy of IPM can provide a sustainable, economical, and effective solution to pest management while safeguarding the environment.

The air potato leaf beetle (Lilioceris cheni) is a biological control agent introduced to Florida to manage the invasive air potato vine (Dioscorea bulbifera). Originating from Asia, this beetle specifically feeds on the leaves of the air potato, creating characteristic shot-hole damage that significantly weakens the plant by reducing its photosynthetic ability. The air potato leaf beetle was first released in Florida in 2012, following rigorous testing that started in 2002 to ensure it would not harm native species. By 2014, the beetle population had successfully established itself across the state. Currently, the population of Lilioceris cheni in Florida is stable, leading to the cessation of breeding and distribution efforts. The introduction of this beetle has been a crucial step in managing the air potato vine, contributing to the healing of invaded ecosystems.

Lilioceris egena, a new biological control agent introduced to Florida, aims to further combat the invasive air potato vine (Dioscorea bulbifera). This beetle, like Lilioceris cheni, originates from Asia and has been identified for its specific affinity for the air potato. Lilioceris egena causes significant damage to the plant by feeding on its famous “potatoes,” otherwise known as bulbils, leading to significant reduction in the spreading of the vine. The introduction of this beetle complements the efforts of Lilioceris cheni, vastly enhancing the overall control strategy against the air potato. The combined impact of both beetle species is hoped to halt the unchecked spread of this invasive plant, thereby protecting Florida’s native ecosystems and biodiversity.