Exploring Florida’s Natives: Sunchoke

The sunchoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), also known as Jerusalem artichoke is a root vegetable native to parts of North Florida. Let’s talk about the growing requirements of the sunchoke.

Origins of the Sunchoke

Fittingly, the sunchoke is in the same family as sunflowers. Sunchokes grow tall, woody stems with pretty yellow flowers and narrow green leaves. Edible tubers are clustered at the base of each stem. These potato-like structures are specialized storage areas of the stem. The tubers of the sunchoke are fewer in calories than potatoes and store carbohydrates as inulin instead of starch, resulting in a lower hypoglycemic index and higher prebiotic fiber.

Sunchoke tubers. Photo Credit: University of Florida/IFAS Extension.

Growing Conditions and Characteristics

Sunchokes grow best in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 9. They can reach heights of 4 to 10 feet, depending on the variety, and spread about 2 to 3 feet wide. The sunchoke needs well-draining soil and at least 6 hours of full sun each day. Aim to plant these natives in early spring to have a harvest by fall. These plants typically need 120 days of growing time.

The sunchoke is tolerant of heat, drought, and are relatively low maintenance since they require less water and minimal fertilization once established. Their tall, sunflower-like blooms are beautiful and attract pollinators and beneficial insects.

A yellow flower with several narrow petals blooms above green leaves. — A Jerusalem artichoke flower. Photo Credit: Jennifer Anderson, USDA-NRCS.

Why Plant Native Species?

While native and non-invasive exotic plants can enhance local ecosystems, invasive-exotic species pose a threat to native flora and disrupt ecological balance. In Florida, invasive species like the Mexican petunia and Brazilian peppertree jeopardize native habitats, making it crucial to select appropriate plants for your landscape. Choosing native plants like the sunchoke supports Central Florida’s local ecology by providing food and habitat for native wildlife while requiring minimal maintenance.

To learn more about invasive plants, click here.

Have a question?

If you have any questions about gardening in Central Florida, please contact UF/IFAS Extension Pasco County at 352-518-0156. For more information on UF/IFAS Extension Pasco County Community Gardens, and how you can join one, visit http://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/pasco/. Supervising Agent: Dr. Whitney Elmore.

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