Post hurricane flooding has become a significant factor in the health of established forages. While some forage species are more tolerant under waterlogged conditions, prolonged inundation can lead to significant damage, reducing forage productivity and decreasing the productivity of the operation.
The survival of forage plants during flooding depends on the species, growth stage, and duration of submersion. Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), one of Florida’s most common forage varieties, is moderately tolerant to flooding. Established Bahia grass can survive submersion for 7 to 10 days, provided water temperatures remain moderate. However, young plants or those already stressed by drought or poor management may succumb within a shorter period.
Other improved forage varieties, such as bermudagrass and limpograss, show varied degrees of flood tolerance. Bermudagrass typically withstands waterlogging for up to 5 days before significant damage occurs. Limpograss, on the other hand, exhibits higher tolerance, surviving underwater for 10 to 14 days due to its adaptation to wetland conditions. Forage legumes like white clover and perennial peanut are generally less tolerant, often showing stress or dying within 3 to 5 days of submersion.
Flooding can significantly alter soil chemistry and structure. Nutrient leaching, sediment deposition, and salinity issues are common after prolonged inundation. To assess the impact and begin planning for recovery, producers should conduct a soil test once floodwaters recede. Adjustments such as liming or fertilization may be necessary to restore optimal soil conditions. Working with a local Extension agent or soil testing laboratory can provide tailored recommendations based on the test results.
Flooding often introduces new weed challenges, as water can carry weed seeds long distances and deposit them in pastures. Weeds such as pigweed, tropical soda apple, and sedges are common establishments after flooding events. These species can quickly develop in weakened forage stands, outcompeting desirable grasses and reducing pasture productivity. A healthy forage stand is the best defense against weed encroachment.
Flooding can leave pastures in varying states of damage. Some steps to facilitate recovery: once the water recedes, delay grazing to allow forages time to recover before reintroducing livestock. Grazing too soon can further stress the plants and delay recovery. Reseed if needed for heavily damaged areas. Consider reseeding with flood-tolerant varieties like limpograss or Bahia grass. Ensure good seed-to-soil contact for optimal germination.
Post-hurricane flooding has become a significant factor in the health of established forages. While some forage species are more tolerant under waterlogged conditions, prolonged inundation can lead to significant damage, reducing forage productivity and decreasing the productivity of the operation. Understanding forage species’ tolerance levels, implementing soil improvement practices, and managing weed establishments are steps in ensuring the long-term survivability of Florida’s forage systems.
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