Driving along the highway in South Florida you often look out into the distance and see verdant hills of green that contrast the flatlands, wetlands or pastures that predominate the view. These green crests along the horizon are not an illusion not a man-made evolution of the landscape these are Florida’s cypress domes.
Florida cypress domes are unique, ecologically rich, wetland ecosystems found throughout the state’s flat, low-lying interior. Domes form naturally, in shallow depressions where water collects, allowing for the growth of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens). The dome shaped canopy that gives this ecosystem its name is created by the taller trees at the center and shorter ones around the perimeter.
If you ever get the opportunity to explore a cypress dome it is a beautifully cool dappled light wonderland that evolves between wet and dry seasons. The cypress trees rise all around, these silent giants provide protection to those within. The temperature drops as you enter the canopy, and the cool, still water reflects the shapes and colors of the softly lit environment. The cypress knees are clustered at their base like worshipping gnomes and epiphytes and orchids cling to the trunks and limbs that reach up to the sky. There is always something to see or experience in a cypress dome as it offers shelter and habitat to so many species.
Considering their relatively small size the biodiversity and complexity in cypress domes is remarkable. Over 300 plant species have been identified in and around cypress domes, including ferns, sedges, grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers that thrive in wet, acidic soils. The cypress trees themselves are adapted to wet conditions, with specialized “knees” that rise from the roots to aid in oxygen exchange and stability.
The animal life supported by these ecosystems is also significantly diverse. Cypress domes provide habitat for more than 120 bird species, including barred owl, ibis, heron, wood duck, and many migratory songbirds. The dense canopy, cool shade underneath, and standing water offer ideal conditions for nesting, feeding, and shelter.
More than 100 invertebrate species such as aquatic insects, crustaceans, and mollusks are also found in the water and soil of cypress domes. The ecosystem also supports a wide range of amphibians and reptiles, including southern leopard frogs, tree frogs, turtles, cottonmouth snakes, and American alligators. 40 mammal species known to utilize cypress domes. These include raccoons, river otters, bobcats, marsh rabbits, and white-tailed deer, many of which rely on the domes for foraging and cover.
Florida’s wetlands, including cypress domes, cover roughly 29% of the state’s land area (approximately 20 million acres) though cypress domes themselves account for a smaller, yet significant, portion of this total. Due to development, agriculture, and climate change, these ecosystems are at risk. Conservation, education on these ecosystems and their importance to biodiversity, water quality and hazard risk mitigation and reduction are key to preserving these incredibly breathtaking places and the species that call them home. Cypress domes are vital for maintaining Florida’s natural heritage, water quality, and ecological balance and they are a wild, reflective meditative space to learn about plants and animals, and enjoy the beautiful nature of Florida.
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