The first stage caterpillars are yellow with a black head and two prominent horns rising from the second thoracic segment. The second stage caterpillars retain the yellow to yellow-green color and are slightly larger. During the third and fourth stages, the caterpillars change from yellow, to yellow-green, to a black. Eventually, larvae become black-bodied with yellow stripes running along their sides. Fully-grown larvae may be 2 inches (50 mm) long. All have the black coloration with yellow stripes, prominent black horns arising from the second thoracic segment, and a row of small spines running along the body behind each of the horns. View the yellowstriped oakworm moth here!