Barbados cherry (Malpighia emarginata), also called acerola, is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree well adapted to Florida’s climate. It is valued for its attractive evergreen foliage, ornamental pink flowers, and bright red fruit that are exceptionally high in vitamin C. (50-100 times more than orange). With proper site selection and management, Barbados cherry can be a productive and low-maintenance addition to the home landscape.

Climate Adaptation

Barbados cherry performs best in USDA Hardiness Zones 9–11, which includes most of Florida. The tree is not cold-hardy and may be damaged by temperatures below 30°F. Young plants are particularly sensitive to cold and should be protected with frost covers or relocated indoors if grown in containers. Mature trees can tolerate brief drops to near freezing but will suffer leaf and twig damage in extended cold events.

Site Selection and Planting

Choose a planting site in full sun for maximum flowering and fruit production. Although the tree will survive in partial shade, fruit yields are reduced. Barbados cherry grows well in Florida’s sandy soils provided they are well drained. Incorporating organic matter such as compost or pine bark at planting improves soil structure and water-holding capacity. Slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.0) is preferred.

Plant in spring at the beginning of the rainy season to give young trees the best chance to establish. Space trees 10 to 15 feet apart if planting multiple specimens. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper, and backfill with native soil amended with organic matter. Water immediately after planting and apply a 2- to 3-inch layer of mulch around the tree, keeping mulch a few inches away from the trunk.

Irrigation

Consistent irrigation is important during the establishment period. Water newly planted trees two to three times per week for the first two to three months, gradually reducing frequency as the tree becomes established. Mature Barbados cherry trees are moderately drought tolerant, but flowering and fruit production improve with regular irrigation during dry periods.

Fertilization

Barbados cherry responds well to regular fertilization in Florida’s nutrient-poor soils. Young trees should be fertilized every two months with ¼ pound of a balanced fertilizer. As trees mature, increase rates gradually up to 2–4 pounds per application, three times per year, with a maximum of about 15 pounds annually. Periodic soil testing is recommended to monitor pH and nutrient levels. Foliar sprays containing iron, zinc, and boron may be beneficial in alkaline soils or where deficiency symptoms are observed.

Pruning and Maintenance

Minimal pruning is needed beyond shaping the tree and removing dead or crossing branches. Light pruning after harvest encourages new growth and improves air circulation. The plant tolerates heavier pruning if rejuvenation is required. Mulching should be maintained year-round to conserve moisture, moderate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

Flowering and Fruit Production

Barbados cherry produces flowers from spring through fall, and fruit typically ripens 3–4 weeks after bloom. In Florida, trees can produce three to five crops annually. Fruit is bright red when ripe, with a soft texture and tart to sweet flavor depending on the variety. Harvest fruit carefully, as it bruises easily and deteriorates rapidly at room temperature. Refrigerate or freeze fruit soon after picking.

Uses and Nutrition

Barbados cherry fruit is an outstanding source of vitamin C, often exceeding 1000 mg per 100 grams of fresh fruit. The fruit can be eaten fresh but is more commonly processed into juice, jellies, jams, and syrups. The tree is also valued as an ornamental hedge or specimen plant in the landscape.

Pests and Problems

Common pests in Florida include aphids, whiteflies, scales, and nematodes. Regular monitoring is advised, and horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps may be used if infestations become severe. Leaf spot diseases occasionally occur but are rarely serious. Birds are fond of the ripe fruit and may require netting for protection. The leaves are covered in fine hairs that can irritate the skin, so gloves are recommended when pruning or harvesting.

Propagation and Varieties

Barbados cherry can be propagated from seed, but cuttings or air layering are preferred to ensure desirable fruit quality and faster bearing. Improved cultivars such as ‘Florida Sweet’ and ‘B-17’ are recommended for home plantings due to their better flavor and productivity compared to seedling trees. The plant also grows well in large containers, which is useful for patio culture or in areas of the state with occasional freezes.

Summary

Barbados cherry is a Florida-friendly fruit tree that combines ornamental appeal with high nutritional value. It requires full sun, well-drained soil, regular irrigation, and balanced fertilization for best performance. With proper care, homeowners can enjoy multiple harvests of vitamin-rich fruit each year while enhancing the beauty of their landscape.

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