Science Behind Weed Control

Science behind weed control entails becoming familiar with identification and multiple control options during National Farm Safety Day.
Levy County Middle/High FFA become familiar with potato identification and control options during National Farm Safety Day.

Extension connects the general public with University of Florida scientist and specialist by providing research based education. The science behind weed control, specifically Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato vine), engages youth and residents to seek out, identify and become familiar with prevention and control options. The goal is to develop citizen scientists in the Nature Coast who help identify air potato populations, collect and submit data and help with prevention efforts.

Shotgun holes are visible. Beetles tend to be elusive, hiding under leaves or in leaf litter. Science behind weed control means proper identification of the plant/pest before taking action.
Underground tubers ensures survival from year to year.

Why is air potato a weed of concern?

  • newly released 2021 air potato management guide found online at FDACS
  • can grows 8 inches per day. Vines exceed 65 feet in single growing season. Plant is hardy in wide variety of growing and soil conditions. They tolerate flooded and low fertility soils.
  • vines crowd out native species and forms a monoculture. Diversity of native species is reduced due to smothering, space and nutrient competition. Vines twine and climb over desirable native plants. Animals relying on native plants for seed, berry or cover are impacted.
  • costly and difficult to control. Vines die back in winter but resprout from tuber in warm season.
  • no major pests or diseases in Florida to impact growth. Farm animals do not graze on it. Originally from Asia, China and Nepal, it was introduced to Florida in 1905.
ulbil may be dark with rough texture or lighter tan colored with smooth texture.
Air potato bulbil are dark with rough texture or lighter tan colored with smooth texture.

Can we eat the air potato?

That’s a great question! I appreciate the resourcefulness behind it. UF specialists do not recommend consumption. Allergic reactions, illness and contraindication with medication are concerns. Alleged use may be based on unconfirmed information. We strongly caution against eating any part of the air potato plant including, leaf, root and bulbil.

Likewise, animals do not graze on the vine or bulbil. There are no known Florida insects or pathogen that feed on it either. If thorns, hairs and/or tendrils are present, it is NOT the exotic, invasive air potato vine.

The science behind weed control uses Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to control air potato vine, combining biological, chemical and mechanical strategies for improved success.

Devouring leaf tissue and growing points keep vines lower in the canopy.
Skeletonized leaf results from beetle feeding.
  1. Biological – release beetle (Lilioceris chini) Spring-Fall. Beetle feeding reduces plant growth. Bulbil quantity and size is reduced.
    > low labor required
    > larvae and adult beetle feed primarily on leaf
    > shotgun holes or lace-like (skeletonized) leaves indicate beetle presence
    > beetle may feed on bulbil. Bulbil generally callous over and feeding damage will not effect its ability to sprout.

“The beetle biocontrol agents are officially established in the state. Each year they overwinter through the long vine dormant period and surviving beetles emerge, reproduce and spread throughout the general area each summer. Extensive research shows the beetles have reduced vine coverage, bulbil production, and bulbil size in many parts of the state. Overall this means the beetles are winning against the vine! ” Emily Kraus, Biological Scientist, Plant Industry/FDACS, June 2020

What else does the beetle eat?

That’s a good question. In 2004, USDA Quarantine lab, Davie Florida isolated beetles originating in Nepal, China and Africa. Host verification tests were conducted on 41 plant species. Results indicated this specific beetle and larvae feed only the air potato leaf, vine and bulbil. In 2011, beetles were released at select Florida sites.

2. Chemical
> Follow the Label.
> apply systemic herbicide August – October
> may require repeat sprays, timing is critical
> desirable/non-target plants may be killed
> The Label is the Law.

3. Mechanical
> mow in early spring, repeat mowing for multiple years to slow growth
> Spring- Summer – dig up, double bag and dispose of underground tuber
> cut/pull vines
> collect bulbil in winter. Dispose by double bagging and discarding. Reduces subsequent season population. Reduces potential for spread.

What’s new?

FDACS is promoting an integrated approach to air potato vine management. They ask residents tp use multiple tools to manage the air potato vine. Beetles alone are not enough to eradicate the vine from your property, so using various tools throughout the year is a more efficient way to rid yourself of the vine.

How can I be sure if I have potato vine?

Residents should check out our FDACS Air Potato Biological Control website for great information. Proper identification is step one in managing your plant pest problem. The air potato management guide describes a holistic approach with guidelines for throughout the year. Lastly, the air potato beetle and biological control FAQ’s may answer some of your question. Once you have identified the vine please follow instructions on the website to report the vine if beetles are not present or do not return within 6 weeks of the vine sprouting.

Of course images of plants may be emailed; savemygarden@ufl.edu. Bring stem with several leaf attached to Levy County Extension, 625 North Hathaway Avenue, Bronson.

Take the OUCH! Out of Sandspur

Did You Know??
98% – Residents using Extension services
and were satisfied with service provided.
( Levy County, 2016 survey)

0

three women posing in front of sign
Posted: July 6, 2021


Category: Home Landscapes
Tags: Citizen Scientists, Coastal Habitat, Florida-Friendly Landscaping, Gardening, Invasive Weed, Master Gardener, Vines, Weeds


Comments:

Martha
February 10, 2022

Great learning and collaborative event, directed by Barbara Edmonds.

Barbara L. Edmonds

September 24, 2021

Great Blaire, spread the word and the mulch!

Brookfield Lawn
September 23, 2021

Great list and tips here on the gardening tools. I have definitely been a "volcano mulcher" in the past and learned my lesson. Definitely had some rot issues on a new tree I planted. I had no idea why the tree was struggling for about a year and then finally learned that I was the one hurting it... oh well. I've learned now haha.

Barbara L. Edmonds

May 28, 2021

My pleasure. You are welcome.

Arborist Golden Co
May 28, 2021

"Finally! I've been looking everywhere for a good list of home gardening tips blogs that won't straight out advertise their services....thank you for doing the effort of coalescing these. Thank you!"

Aixa Pinto
April 12, 2021

Thanks so much! Will be calling.

Barbara L. Edmonds

April 9, 2021

Good afternoon, the next Master Gardener class is tentatively scheduled fall 2021. Online via ZOOM. Give me a call 352-486-5131 to discuss and reserve a spot for this fall. Thanks!

Barbara L. Edmonds

April 9, 2021

Hello Ms. Stewart, Yes the Levy County Extension office is located at 625 North Hathaway Avenue, Bronson, 32621. Hours Monday-Friday, 8-4:30 pm. Look forward to seeing you next week. Call 352-486-5131 for an appointment. Until then, "Feel Safe, Garden Happy"

Norma Stewart
April 9, 2021

Where is the Levy County Extension Office located? And is the Master Gardener located in Levy County or is she in Gainesville? I’d love to speak with her in person and bring some leaves from my rose bushes, so she can tell me what causes them to turn yellow when they’ve been watered faithfully.

A.P. Morales
March 4, 2021

Hi! When will the next master gardener program start up? And can I get the information for that one. So disappointed I missed the current one

Barbara L. Edmonds

December 14, 2020

Hello Gabby, It's good to hear from you! Look for the email with your name in subject line. The registration form will be attached. The 2021 course uses a combination of lecture recordings, live Q&A webinars, discussion forums and weekly activities to guide your learning. NEW! For 2021 - complete the course in the comfort of your own home with remote online class. I'll be facilitating with UF agents and specialists presenting topic material in video, lecture, text, audio and images. Multiple resources will help you build new knowledge. You'll be able to take an active role and be in charge of the learning process! Student handbook will be available for pickup or mailed, January 19. All my best, Barbara

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

December 14, 2020

Hello Gabby, It's good to hear from you! Look for the email with your name in subject line. The registration form will be attached. The 2021 course uses a combination of lecture recordings, live Q&A webinars, discussion forums and weekly activities to guide your learning. NEW! For 2021 - complete the course in the comfort of your own home with remote online class. I'll be facilitating with UF agents and specialists presenting topic material in video, lecture, text, audio and images. Multiple resources will help you build new knowledge. You'll be able to take an active role and be in charge of the learning process! Student handbook will be available for pickup or mailed, January 19. All my best, Barbara

Gabriel Thomas
December 11, 2020

Hello. I am interested in the Masters Gardeners course being offered. Thank

Gabriel Thomas
December 11, 2020

Hello. I am interested in the Masters Gardeners course being offered. Thank

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

December 8, 2020

Yes, thank you. That is another great option.

Kimberly Marnen
December 8, 2020

Best bet is to use a catcher on your mower if it's a push.

Barbara L. Edmonds

December 8, 2020

Hello Kathleen, Thank you for your interest in the 2021 Extension Master Gardener Volunteer program. I will email garden course registration information. In addition to expanding gardening skills we’ll dig deeper by understanding basic plant processes that affect plant growth, identify strategies to prevent and manage plant disease and understand origins and characteristics of Florida soils. I look forward to our gardening journey!

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

December 8, 2020

Hello Kathleen, Thank you for your interest in the 2021 Extension Master Gardener Volunteer program. I will email garden course registration information. In addition to expanding gardening skills we’ll dig deeper by understanding basic plant processes that affect plant growth, identify strategies to prevent and manage plant disease and understand origins and characteristics of Florida soils. I look forward to our gardening journey!

Kathleen Gross
December 7, 2020

Good evening, I'm interested in registering for the Master Gardener Course starting in January. I looked into the course before the pandemic struck and I'm very excited you're offering it again. Please send any and all information related to the course including registration details. Thank you, Kathleen

Kathleen Gross
December 7, 2020

Good evening, I'm interested in registering for the Master Gardener Course starting in January. I looked into the course before the pandemic struck and I'm very excited you're offering it again. Please send any and all information related to the course including registration details. Thank you, Kathleen

Rabbi@Instrument Travel
September 24, 2020

Useful information. Thanks for sharing.

Mike Barnett
August 7, 2020

I was on a dirt rd in Northern St Johns county a couple years ago. There was a good sized, thick snake in the road. I got out to get a better look, and couldnt identify the snake. It was obviously a pit viper, with the wide, triangular head. I grew up in N. florida , and have seen many snakes in the outdoor life I’ve lived. This one had me stumped. I thought maybe it was a canebreak rattler. But when I looked it up I found that it wasnt. To my suprise, the book had a picture that looked exactly like mine. It was a copperhead.!! The weird thing is that they aren’t supposed to be in this part of the state. But there he was.

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

June 11, 2020

My pleasure. Hope things are well with you and yours. Stay tuned for 'Colorful Containers' year round fun with plants and pots. Until next time - Spread Joy!

suba suba
June 11, 2020

Thanks for a marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it,

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

October 31, 2019

Good afternoon Mr. Alden! Congrats on thinking several months in advance. To be most effective, pre-emergent should be applied once soils warm and conditions become favorable for seed to germinate. Therefore timing is crucial and varies from year to year in your area. Based on the species of existing warm season turf grass, the herbicide label will indicate what may be safely used on your warm season turf grass. In addition, the label will indicate when to apply and at what rate. Follow the label, the label is the law. For specifics, your local contact is Erin Harlow, Horticulture Agent, UF IFAS Extension Columbia County (eeeck@ufl.edu). Good luck with that!!

James Alden
October 27, 2019

Whats the best preemergince herbicide for Fort White area of florida which is sandy?

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara L. Edmonds

March 11, 2019

Good afternoon Ms. Castles, I am sorry to hear about kitty and the sandspur conflict. It is a painful situation. Two items of interest; if you are in north Florida, you may consider applying a pre-emergent herbicide, suitable for your warm season turf grass in the next few weeks. Follow the product label and apply in the area where you know the burr have been seen. Once seed germinates, new leaves do resemble a grass-like plant to the undiscerning eye. This is an publication with sheath and hairs described. Click HERE. Dr. Laura Griffeth, UGA has a few images HERE. Lastly, from Florida A&M, several images HERE. Ms. Castles, I hope this is of help. Please feel free to call with any questions. Sincerely yours, Barbara​

Sally Castles
February 23, 2019

Could someone PLEASE provide a couple of pictures of sandspurs BEFORE they have spurs? I have searxyfor HOURS pleading for some visual reference to identify theses devilish weeds, but all I ever get are big pictures of tall weeds with many spurs, so obviously there’s no way to even pull them up by the roots when they are babies. Instead we have to wait until they are in full force. I suspect al these so called experts haven’t a clue either because they would have certainly provided a picture for the many requests. Even web search only provides pics of mature plants. Not even a verbal description.. Please prove me wrong ASAP. Grass is growing fast in fla and my cats paws are in awful shape thanks, Sally Castles

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

December 10, 2018

Good Morning Ms. Chancey, Thank you for choosing UF-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS) Extension, a trusted source of UF research based horticulture information. Yes, soil and air temperature play a key role in seed germination. As does soil moisture. Areas of Glynn County (Georgia) may experience micro-climates and greater potential for contamination of water bodies. In this situation, Glynn County Extension office would be the best source of herbicide application recommendations. Website: http://extension.uga.edu/county-offices/glynn.html Best of luck with sandspur control! Let me know how it goes.

Linda A Chancey
December 9, 2018

Is there a known germination cycle based on temperatures? When is the best time in the life cycle to apply herbicide? Any ideas when sandspurs begin germination in South East GA near Brunswick? thanks, la

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

December 6, 2018

Good afternoon Mr. Slade, Thank you for choosing Levy County Extension as your trusted source of University of Florida researched based information. While I am not aware of a specific wholesale/retail nursery carrying the linebacker series, you may be able to source some online in addition to the following. I've been pleased with the Emerald Heights and Blue Cascade varieties, and look forward to winter flowering. Best of luck in your quest!

Jack Slade
December 3, 2018

Barbara, Do you know the Florida growers that grow the distylium varieties, as well as sell to the public? I am looking for the Linebacker variety. Thanks, Jack

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

October 15, 2018

Hi Mrs. Vick, We've got good news! Your local extension office as part of the Cooperative Extension System (CES), established with the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, provides research-based education to the public to improve their daily lives. The CES represents partnerships between the USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and land-grant universities, such as University of Florida, across the United States. The fine folks of Gonzales County Extension office are a great resource for control recommendations in your area. Wish you all the best with that!

Sheila Vick
October 13, 2018

We have a country property that we visit from time to time. When we visited more frequently, we were able to keep the sandspurs under some control in the immediate area of the house. This year we did not visit as often so now the sandspurs have taken over. The area we try to control is at least a couple of acres -- we have 15 acres so cannot control all. We had some success in the past by pulling and bagging the plants, but now they are so many that this would be very difficult to do. We would like to spread some sort of treatment now to kill off the plants. What would be the best way to do this so that we can get them under control again? We are Texas so the winters are quite mild.

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

October 11, 2018

Yes, it does make a spectacle of itself with yellow flowers and rose colored fruit capsules. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences IFAS) “Assessment of Non-native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas” (https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/assessments/koelreuteria-elegans-subsp-formosana/, 2014) Gainesville, FL, 32611-4000, USA cautions use in Central and South Florida with re-assessment conducted every two years.

Carol Davis
October 2, 2018

We have a beautiful Golden Rain tree that was planted in the trunk base of a fallen water oak tree in 2006. It has flourished with roots penetrating into the rotting tree mulch over the years. It now is very large, and is showy with lovely yellow blooms. A lovely addition to our landscape. And, with it's prolific nature, there are always plenty of young trees to dig up plant in pots and nurture, a nice gift to give away.

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

September 27, 2018

Hi James, May you enjoy many years of sandspur-free walks. Sounds like you are stepping in the right direction. Containing burr in an ever-diminishing area is a good idea. Easier to spot treat. Likewise, by mowing in clockwise pattern, blowing burr toward the center, will minimize spreading burr to uncontaminated areas. Wishing you good success!

james brown
September 26, 2018

Thank you. I've had pretty good success over the years pulling sandspur plants whenever I see them. I had a few get started in the lawn section of my five acre property and I'd forgotten about them due to my success of removing them as they seed in the fall. I recently committed to keeping an adjacent five acres mowed and was surprised my last mowing, late September, by several sandspur patches in full seed. I carefully mowed big circles around the patches and came back and removed the plants and seeds the best I could. This article gives me hope of having success. The last thing I want on my lot or the neighbors I maintain is sandspurs as I walk both properties morning and evening, mostly bare footed. I hadn't thought of dragging carpet or cloth to collect the seed pods. It's a great idea. I have been known to walk in my sock feet to collect seeds but carpet makes a lot more sense.

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

August 9, 2018

Hi BJ. An ocean view, framed by sea oats, sounds heavenly. I can see how a sandspur patch would diminish beach enjoyment. Unfortunately, a sandy lot is ideal for coastal sandbur. Lacking competition for available nutrients, water and light sandspur may spread unimpeded. However, its relatively shallow, fibrous roots will yield to digging or pulling. This is in your favor. Likewise, collecting burr this year means there will be fewer seed in the seed bank. All herbicides must be used in accordance with the label. Best of luck with controlling this sticky weed.

BJ
August 8, 2018

Do you recommend this treatment for sand? I don’t have a grass lawn; I live at the beach and have a sandy lot with sea oats, briars, and sand spurs.

Barbara Edmonds

July 23, 2018

That's a great idea. Thank you for the suggestion. I'll plan to incude pictures in future gardening blogs.

three women posing in front of sign
Barbara Edmonds

July 23, 2018

That's a great idea. Thank you for the suggestion. I'll plan to incude pictures in future gardening blogs.

Maurice Hitt
July 21, 2018

You should have pictures of the weed, such as the air potato, you are talking about

Maurice Hitt
July 21, 2018

You should have pictures of the weed, such as the air potato, you are talking about

shardison

June 21, 2018

Katie holds classes throughout the year. I will pass this information on to her and she will contact you. Sorry for the delay in response, but I've been on leave for six weeks.

shardison

June 21, 2018

I will pass on your email to Katie Trimm. She is hosting the class and she will contact you back.

Barbara Allen
June 20, 2018

I would like to register myself and my two sons for the cooking class

Valerie Cox
May 18, 2018

I would love to attend this but will be in England for the birth of my granddaughter. Will you be doing it again this year? Thank you!

Patrick Carter
April 22, 2018

Thank you so much for your information regarding sandspurs. We have a serious problem in our backyard that we are sure is a result of having a lawn company that "free cut" our lawn all last summer while we were traveling. I am a big fan of bagging my grass cutting to reduce the spread of weeds although I see the advantage of leaving cuttings on the ground when the lawn is healthy. We will shop for weed killers that contain the products you listed. Wish us luck !

sherry barton
December 7, 2017

thank you very much for all the info

Kathleen Nolan
December 6, 2017

Thank you - this was a helpful reminder!

huntingspro
December 4, 2017

I really enjoyed this post that you have describe here perfectly for Safe Venison from White-tailed Deer. thanks for this great idea

shardison

October 30, 2017

If anyone is interested in finding out more about the SHIP program in Levy County, contact Marlon Gayle at 352 486-5268. He is the coordinator for our county. His office is located in the Baker Building in Bronson. Thank you.

Deborah and Roberto Tarafa
October 30, 2017

We would like to make the public aware of programs like SHIP and CDBG that offer assistance to home owners that need repairs done to their homes, and end up taking a turn for the worse. For going on 5 years now after applying to the SHIP program, qualify for assistance, 5 attempts later with engineers involved our septic system is now worse than it ever was before they stepped on our property. Not only SHIP but CDBG was involved in our home repairs, things took place in our home that you could not even imagine. We the home owners have been labeled demanding, not satisfied when indeed it was all shady work that was being done and all Levy County wanted to do is keep it quiet. So much wasted tax payers money, all because they would not listen to us the homeowners. Levy County has literally left us here again for the 5th time with a failed septic system. Everyone is aware and knows the system has failed again, but just walked away, said program ended, granted ended. Meanwhile septic is running not only into the street, our neighbors yards including the river where the county states they had permission to run a pipe into the river. All Levy County will state is program ended we have to fix it ourselves. They know we do not have the funds to fix it, if we did we would of never applied to this program, but just left us like this. How can a government, state program that is designed to help individuals like ourselves with repairs just walk away because they have not a clue how to address the issue? How can they allow people to come into your home through their program and destroy it and not care enough to listen to the homeowners when they are trying to report what is going on? How can this program still exists, be able to get more funding and continue on doing this to other homes. Are they not responsible to fix their errors? How can they make an homeowners home worse than it was before they entered their property? Their is so much wrong that went on here in our home and the one issue that we applied to the program for was our septic and that is the one thing they never fixed correctly but have made far worse than it ever was. Now Halloween is approaching us tomorrow and our whole front yard is full of holes this failed septic has created, trick or treats in the dark can not see these holes. Have contacted all involved more than once regarding this issue and none of them could care less. None of them will contact us back, last thing we want is to see someone fall and get hurt. We have a disabled child and we have had to deal with this on going issue going on 5 years. If we had the money to address this issue we would of never applied to a program for help, we did nothing wrong but asked for help. We have located a company that says they can address this issue and fix it correctly but again this program says grant closed, no more funds, but they still advertise for homeowners to apply and go on helping other families but leave us to sit here again with a stinking mess. How may we ask you can a government/state program be allowed to do this to someone's home and when they can not fix it just simply walk away and leave it far worse than it was?

shardison

August 2, 2017

Yes, we will host at least one Cloverbud camp. The exact details will be complete sometime early Spring. Genevieve A. Mendoza, 4-H Extension Agent

Maria
July 27, 2017

Will this camp be available next year?

Shirley Bond
June 21, 2017

Sounds like an awesome camp for the young people. I hope you let our elected officials know about this program and invite them to see the kids in the learn by doing activities. I would even contact the Governor since he vetoed 4-H. He needs to see the importance of this program. 4-H is not just a nice organization, but very necessary for our State's future leaders. All we can do as agents, volunteers, and parents is to educate the people who fund our organization. Keep up the great work!

Comments are closed.

Subscribe For More Great Content

IFAS Blogs Categories