Stay Sun-Safe: How to Protect Your Skin and Health Year-Round

May marks Skin Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about the most common and one of the most preventable types of cancer in the United States. With summer around the corner, it’s the perfect time to learn how to protect yourself and your loved ones from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and reduce the risk of skin cancer.

Why Sun Safety Matters

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the U.S., with over 5 million cases diagnosed each year. Most skin cancers are caused by overexposure to UV rays from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds.

Two main types of UV rays affect the skin:

UVA rays: Penetrate deep into the skin and are associated with long-term skin damage, including wrinkles and aging.
UVB rays: Affect the surface layers of skin and are the main cause of sunburn. Both types contribute to skin cancer.

The Role of Sunscreen

Sunscreen is one of the most effective tools in preventing sun damage. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, which protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

Sunscreen tips:

Apply sunscreen 15 minutes before going outside.
Use about 1 ounce (a shot glass full) to cover exposed areas of the body.
Reapply every two hours, or more often if swimming or sweating.
Don’t forget spots like ears, neck, tops of feet, and the scalp.

Choosing the Right Sunscreen

There are two main types of sunscreens:

Chemical sunscreens (e.g., avobenzone, oxybenzone): Absorb UV rays.
Mineral (physical) sunscreens (e.g., zinc oxide, titanium dioxide): Reflect UV rays and are often better for sensitive skin.

Look for water-resistant formulas if you’re swimming or sweating and choose fragrance-free or hypoallergenic options if you have sensitive skin.

More Ways to Stay Sun-Safe

Sunscreen is only one part of a sun protection strategy. Combine it with these additional methods for the best defense:

Seek shade between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun’s rays are strongest.
Wear protective clothing, including long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-blocking sunglasses.
Avoid indoor tanning, which also emits dangerous UV rays.

Check Your Skin: Know the ABCDEs of Melanoma

Early detection of skin cancer can save lives. Monthly self-exams can help you notice any unusual changes. When examining your skin, remember the ABCDEs of melanoma, a simple guide to spotting warning signs:

A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
B – Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred.
C – Color: The color is not uniform and may include shades of brown, black, pink, red, white, or blue.
D – Diameter: The spot is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), though melanomas can be smaller.
E – Evolving: The mole is changing in size, shape, color, or elevation—or you notice new symptoms such as bleeding, itching, or crusting.

If you notice any of these signs, or anything new, changing, or unusual on your skin, see a dermatologist as soon as possible.

Sun Protection for All Skin Types

People with all skin tones are at risk of sun damage and skin cancer. While those with darker skin may have more melanin (which offers some natural protection), they can still develop serious forms of skin cancer, often detected at later, more dangerous stages. Sun protection is important for everyone.

As we recognize Skin Cancer Awareness Month, take the opportunity to build sun-safe habits that protect your skin and health year-round. Wear sunscreen, cover up, seek shade, check your skin regularly, and learn the ABCDEs of melanoma. A few simple steps today can help prevent serious health issues tomorrow.