Some landscapers believe that planting trees and shrubs in spring and early summer is the only ideal time. However, cool temperatures and adequate rainfall also make fall an excellent time for planting. Shrubs planted in spring and summer are often exposed to extreme summer heat, particularly when rainfall is low and irrigation is unavailable. Newly planted trees should receive supplemental water during periods of low rainfall. Keep in mind that supplemental landscape irrigation will increase your monthly water bill. Generally, established trees do not require irrigation unless they are experiencing an extended period of extreme drought. Established trees have deeper root systems and are better able to access available water.
Selecting drought-tolerant plants is the first step toward conserving water. Contact your local Extension office for a list of drought-tolerant plants that are suitable for your area. It is also best to plant trees and shrubs early enough in the fall to allow them to develop a strong root system before winter. Plants establish best when planted while soil temperatures at a depth of 6 inches remain above 55°F.
When selecting trees and shrubs for fall planting, plants are traditionally available as either balled-and-burlapped specimens or container-grown plants. Select planting sites that are away from power lines and at least 15 feet from buildings or other structures. Learning about a plant’s requirements before purchasing it will help ensure its success. “Right Plant, Right Place” should be the first Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ principle that comes to mind. Consider requirements such as sunlight, water, soil type, and mature size.
When planting, dig the hole two to three times wider than the root ball, but no deeper than the height of the root ball. Most tree roots occupy the upper 12 to 18 inches of soil and can extend two to three times the width of the canopy. There is no need to plant trees and shrubs too deeply. Planting too deeply is a major cause of death in newly planted trees because the roots may not receive adequate oxygen.
Depending on winter temperatures, there may be little or no visible shoot growth during fall and winter. However, roots continue to develop and will be better prepared to take up water when our hot spring temperatures arrive. Continue to water newly planted trees during the winter months, but do not fertilize, as root growth and nutrient uptake are reduced during this period. Water plants thoroughly, especially during the first few months after planting.
Applying mulch around trees and shrubs is also important for plant survival. Mulch helps retain soil moisture, moderates soil temperatures, and protects the root system from temperature extremes. Keep mulch a few inches away from the trunk or stems to prevent moisture-related problems.
For more information about trees and other horticulture-related topics, contact Grantly Ricketts at 772-462-1660 or gricketts@ufl.edu.
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